To assess the potential impacts of impoundments on sensitive stream species, such as the Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and hornyhead chub (Nocomis biguttatus), I conducted a review of existing scientific literature. A substantial body of literature indicates that construction of dams has a negative impact on native stream fishes. In general, an impoundment can reduce the quantity and quality of stream habitat, alter reproductive and feeding behavior of fishes, and increase the number and sizes of predatory fish within a stream system. These impacts suggest a negative relationship between impoundments and obligate stream species, such as the Topeka shiner and hornyhead chub.